ABSTRACT
The residue of the pesticides is closely related to the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) and has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad.This article analyzed the current status of pesticide residues in TCMs by summarizing the research results of recent years.At the same time,the methods for the detection of pesticide residues in TCMs were summarized,and the domestic and foreign pesticide residue limit standards for TCMs were compared,intending to provide reference and basis for the detection and control of pesticide residues in TCMs.
Subject(s)
Drug Contamination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Pesticide Residues , ResearchABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 on amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) induced mitochondrial apoptotic death in SH-SY5Y cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Cell viability was assayed by MTT, apoptotic rates were analyzed with PI/Annexin V flow cytometry, Bax and Bcl-2 expression were detected with Western blotting, enzymatic activity of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were measured by ELISA assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The 6.25-100 nmol x L(-1) of notoginsenoside R1 attenuate Aβ(1-42) induced apoptotic death of SH-SY5Y in dose dependent manner. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was elevated in SH-SY5Y with notoginsenoside R1 treatment. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated with notoginsenoside R1 treatment while caspase-8 was not affected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Notoginsenoside R1 could protect SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ(1-42) induced apoptosis via mitochondria related apoptotic pathway.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Apoptosis , Caspases , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival , Cytoprotection , Ginsenosides , Pharmacology , Mitochondria , Peptide FragmentsABSTRACT
Baicalin (BA) is the most well-known flavonoid present in Radix Scutellariae. The aim of this study was to explore whether the pharmacokinetic behavior of BA in rat brain can be affected by Panax notoginsenosides (PNS), and to assess the possible mechanism for the observed effects. Specific HPLC and HPLC/MS/MS methods were developed and validated for the determination of BA in the rat plasma and brain using carbamazepine as an internal standard. BA was found to enter rat brain quickly after a single intravenous dose. When co-administered with PNS, clearance (CL) of BA from rat plasma decreased by 50.00%, while the area under the curve AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ increased 94.69% and 87.68%, respectively. On the other hand, some pharmacokinetic parameters of BA in rat brain had obvious differences after PNS was administered, such as an increase in Tmax from 5 min to 15 min, an increase in AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ by 42.75% and 29.39%, respectively, as well as a decrease in CL by 27.95%. Together, these results indicate that PNS can decrease the elimination rate of BA from rat plasma, promote the penetration of BA into rat brain, increase the concentration and slow down the elimination of BA from rat brain. The data provide important information that compatibility with PNS can promote the consequent effects of BA for the treatment of encephalopathy.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Administration, Intravenous , Area Under Curve , Brain , Metabolism , Brain Diseases , Drug Therapy , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drug Synergism , Flavonoids , Metabolism , Pharmacokinetics , Therapeutic Uses , Ginsenosides , Pharmacology , Injections, Intravenous , Panax notoginseng , Chemistry , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Metabolism , Pharmacokinetics , Pharmacology , Plant Roots , Rats, Wistar , Scutellaria baicalensis , Chemistry , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
The pharmacological mechaisms of Panax notoginseng saponins on nervous system diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischermic cerebral apoplexy and depressive disorder) , including panax notoginseng saponins, protoparaxotriol saponins, panasadiol saponins, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside R1 were summarized to analyze the study hotspots and potential advantages (such as estrogen-like effect) of notoginsenoside's pharmacological actions, provide reference for further pharmacological studies and new ideas for clinical treatment of nervous system diseases and drug studies and development.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Gene Expression , Nervous System Diseases , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Panax notoginseng , Chemistry , SaponinsABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the quality of Qingkailing injections effectively, and to develop a credible method for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fingerprints of 18 Qingkailing injection samples from various manufacturers were obtained by HPLC/ELSD, and quality evaluation was performed by constellation graphical clustering method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPLC/ELSD and constellation graphical clustering method properly revealed the quality information apparently and accurately.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was an apparent, credible and efficient method for quality evaluation of Chinese medicines.</p>